Both program instructions and data operands are stored in the memory. To execute an instruction, the processor control circuitry must cause the word containing the instruction is moved from the memory to the processor register. The operands are also needed to be brought to the processor and the result be stored in the memory.
So the two basic memory operations are

• Load : Content is copied from specific memory location to processor. Content of the memory is not changed. Processor places the memory address from which it want to read, on the address bus and issues a read signal. The memory places the contents of that memory location into the data bus and it is accepted by the processor
• Store : Content is copied from processor register to memory location. The old contents of the memory location is lost. Processor places the memory address to which it want to write on the address bus, data to be written on the data bus and issues a write signal. The memory places the contents of data bus into the memory location specified in the address bus.

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