I/O Manipulators


  • Up till now, we have accepted the default output formatting.
  • C++ defines a set of manipulators which are used to modify the state of iostream objects.
  • These control how data is formatted.
  • They are defined in the include file, < ios >.
  • It is not usually necessary to explicitly include this file because it is included indirectly via the use of other includes such as < iostream > or < fstream >.
  • The manipulators in the above table modify the state of the iostream object. This means that once used on an iostream object they will affect all subsequent input or output done with the object.

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